<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Qatar
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
<item><hi format=bold>Natural resources:</hi> oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish
<item><hi format=bold>Land use:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>arable land:</hi> 2%
<item>• <hi format=ital>permanent crops:</hi> 2%
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 6%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 0%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 90%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 10 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no surface water resources; groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> periods of drought, dust storms
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified—Biodiversity, Climate Change
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf through which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean